Impacto do El NIño e La Niña no conforto térmico ambiental no sul do Amazonas

Abstract

Responsible for significant climate anomalies across the globe, the El Niño and La Niñaphenomena originate, respectively, from abnormal warming and cooling.of the surface watersof the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. These anomalies in the temperature of the Equatorial PacificOcean cause changes in air temperature, air humidity and rainfall distribution on global andregional scales. These variations in meteorological variables directly affect the thermal comfortof the local population, which affects people's well-being and their ability to adapt toenvironmental conditions. Thus, through the need to understand and analyze the impacts ofthese climate anomalies, the objective of this work was to analyze the possible impacts of LaNiña and El Niño phenomena on environmental thermal comfort. The study was carried out inthe Southern Mesoregion of the state of Amazonas, comprising the cities of Humaitá, Apuí,Manicoré, Boca do Acre and Lábrea. The reanalysis data were collected on the ClimatePrediction Center (CPC) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)platforms, and were subsequently analyzed using basic descriptive statistics made in Python 3.7language. The research identified that La Niña and El Niño events have significant impacts onthe climatic elements and thermal comfort of the region. Which, El Niño had greater influencein relation to the climatological variables in the dry, rainy and annual period, where ithighlighted the city of manicoré that reached the highest negative precipitation anomaly of - 522.52 mm annual and -1.35 °C year in temperature and a reduction in humidity -4.26%. In LaNiña, however, there was an increase in precipitation on a monthly scale and a drop intemperature. Highlighting the city of Boca do Acre with the highest negative temperatureanomaly of -1.27°C annually and Lábrea where there was an increase in monthly precipitationof 116.04 mm in February. Relative air humidity was also affected, showing a reduction onlyduring El Niño. Furthermore, it was observed during El Niño, thermal discomfort increasedslightly, but without changes in category. In La Niña, there was a reduction in discomfort, withchanges in category in the dry period, which went from partially comfortable to comfortable inBoca do Acre. In the rainy season, most cities went from uncomfortable to partiallycomfortable, with emphasis on Apuí and Boca do Acre. In general, in the annual period, allcities, except Boca do Acre, improved in category, moving from discomfort to partiallycomfortable, with emphasis on Apuí.